The largest diamond ever found was an astounding 3,106 carats!
The Cullinan: Earth's Most Magnificent Diamond
Imagine unearthing a gemstone so colossal, it redefines the very concept of luxury and natural wonder. This is the story of the Cullinan Diamond, a true marvel that holds the undisputed title of the largest gem-quality diamond ever discovered. Weighing an astonishing 3,106 carats in its rough state, this single crystal of carbon captivated the world and continues to inspire awe.
Discovered on January 26, 1905, at the Premier No. 2 mine in Cullinan, South Africa, the diamond was found by miner Frederick Wells. Its sheer size was initially so unbelievable that it was almost dismissed as a piece of glass. However, upon closer inspection, its undeniable brilliance and perfect clarity confirmed its status as a diamond of unparalleled significance.
A Royal Acquisition
The discovery quickly garnered international attention. Thomas Cullinan, the owner of the mine, sold the massive stone to the Transvaal Colony government, which in turn presented it to King Edward VII of the United Kingdom as a birthday gift in 1907. This royal acquisition marked the beginning of its transformation from a rough behemoth into a collection of exquisite jewels.
Transporting such a priceless gem across the globe was no small feat. Legend has it that a decoy diamond was publicly shipped with great fanfare, while the real Cullinan was sent discreetly via ordinary parcel post, a testament to the lengths taken to ensure its safety.
The Master Cutters of Asscher
The task of cutting the Cullinan Diamond was entrusted to the legendary Asscher family of Amsterdam, renowned for their expertise in handling exceptionally large and valuable stones. Joseph Asscher, the head of the firm, faced an immense challenge. The diamond contained a prominent cleavage and a black spot, making the initial cut incredibly risky.
After weeks of meticulous study, Asscher made the first crucial incision. The tension in the room was palpable, and stories claim he fainted from the stress upon making the initial, perfect cut. This pivotal moment led to the creation of nine major polished diamonds, 96 smaller brilliant cuts, and nine unpolished fragments.
The Stars of the British Crown Jewels
The two largest stones cut from the Cullinan are particularly famous: the Cullinan I, also known as the 'Great Star of Africa,' and the Cullinan II, or 'Lesser Star of Africa.'
- Cullinan I (Great Star of Africa): This magnificent pear-shaped diamond weighs 530.2 carats and is the largest clear cut diamond in the world. It is prominently set in the Sovereign's Sceptre with Cross, one of the most significant pieces of the British Crown Jewels.
- Cullinan II (Lesser Star of Africa): A cushion-cut diamond weighing 317.4 carats, it graces the front of the Imperial State Crown. Its brilliance adds an unparalleled majesty to this iconic symbol of monarchy.
Other notable stones include the Cullinan III and IV, which are often worn together as a brooch by Queen Elizabeth II, and the Cullinan V, a heart-shaped diamond. Each piece, a fragment of the original colossal stone, now shines with its own unique history and splendor.
The Cullinan Diamond's journey from a South African mine to the British Crown Jewels is a testament to nature's incredible power to create beauty and humanity's skill in enhancing it. It remains a symbol of extraordinary wealth, historical significance, and the enduring allure of precious gemstones.