New Zealand's sheep population was once so massive that the country became synonymous with woolly white hills. At the peak in 1982, there were 22 sheep for every single person—over 70 million sheep grazing across a nation of just 3.2 million humans. It was a staggering ratio that became part of New Zealand's national identity.

But those days are gone. Fast forward to 2025, and the numbers tell a very different story.

The Great Sheep Decline

Today, New Zealand has approximately 23.6 million sheep and 5.3 million people, bringing the ratio down to just 4.5:1. In 2022, the country dipped below five sheep per person for the first time in modern history. While sheep still outnumber humans, the gap is closing rapidly—humans are catching up.

So what happened to all those sheep?

Why the Numbers Dropped

Several forces converged to shrink New Zealand's flocks:

Wool prices collapsed: Global demand for wool plummeted, making sheep farming less profitable
Dairy took over: Cows became more lucrative than sheep, and dairy now dominates New Zealand's agricultural exports
Climate and carbon: Adverse weather and government carbon-offsetting schemes encouraged farmers to plant trees instead of raising livestock
Land use shifted: Sheep farms converted to forestry, horticulture, and other industries

The decline has been steady and dramatic. What was once the backbone of New Zealand's economy is now a shadow of its former self.

Still Sheep Country—Just Less So

Despite the drop, New Zealand still has one of the highest sheep-to-human ratios in the world. The country remains a major exporter of lamb and wool, and sheep farming is still culturally iconic. Drive through rural New Zealand and you'll see plenty of flocks dotting green hillsides.

But the era of 22 sheep per person? That's history. The Kiwis are reclaiming their island—one fewer sheep at a time.

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