Tomatoes Were Thought Poisonous for 200 Years

When Spanish explorers brought tomatoes back from South America in the 16th century, Europeans took one look at the bright red fruit and backed away in horror. For the next 200 years, tomatoes were widely believed to be deadly poison—and the aristocrats who ate them sometimes proved it by dying at the dinner table.

But the tomato was innocent. The real killer was hiding in plain sight on their fancy dishware.

Guilty by Association

The tomato's first strike against it was family ties. Botanists correctly identified it as a member of the Solanaceae family—the nightshades. This group includes deadly nightshade (belladonna), a plant so toxic it's been used as poison for centuries. Italian herbalist Pietro Andrea Mattioli classified the tomato alongside mandrakes and other nightshades in 1544, cementing its dangerous reputation.

The resemblance wasn't just taxonomic. Tomatoes grew in small, berry-like clusters similar to belladonna. Both had glossy, tempting fruit. To anyone without modern botanical knowledge, they looked like poisonous cousins—because they were.

Here's the thing: tomato plants are actually toxic. The leaves, stems, and roots contain solanine, a neurotoxin that should never be eaten. But the fruit itself? Completely safe. Europeans didn't make that distinction.

The Pewter Plate Problem

Then wealthy Europeans started dying after eating tomatoes, which seemed to confirm everyone's worst fears. The tomato earned the nickname "poison apple" in aristocratic circles, and the case appeared closed.

Except the tomatoes weren't killing anyone. The plates were.

Wealthy Europeans ate from pewter plates with high lead content. When acidic foods like tomatoes were served on these plates, the acid leached toxic lead into the food. Diners were being poisoned by lead, not by lycopene. But nobody made the connection between plate and poison—the tomato took the blame.

Meanwhile, poor Italians eating tomatoes from wooden plates had no such problems. They embraced the fruit enthusiastically, developing the tomato-based cuisine Italy is now famous for. The class divide in dinnerware created a class divide in tomato acceptance.

The Great Tomato Redemption

It took until the 18th and 19th centuries for tomatoes to overcome their lethal reputation in northern Europe and North America. Italians had been safely enjoying tomatoes for generations, which gradually convinced others to give them a try.

• By the 1820s, tomatoes were being cultivated in American gardens
• The introduction of pizza and pasta to broader audiences normalized tomato consumption
• Scientific understanding of the nightshade family improved, distinguishing safe fruits from toxic plant parts
• The switch from pewter to ceramic and porcelain dishes eliminated the lead poisoning issue

Today, tomatoes are one of the world's most popular fruits (yes, botanically they're fruits). Americans alone consume about 23 pounds of tomatoes per person annually. Not bad for a former "poison apple."

The tomato's journey from feared poison to pizza topping is a reminder that scientific understanding evolves—and that sometimes the most dangerous thing at the dinner table isn't what's on the plate, but the plate itself.