In 2014, more than 17 million people worldwide dumped ice water over their own heads, and the money went to the ALS Association. Two years later, scientists in 11 countries announced a gene that the project it helped fund had found.

A Dare Between Golfers

The ALS Ice Bucket Challenge began as a dare. In mid-July 2014, golfer Chris Kennedy took a cold-water challenge and nominated his cousin, Jeanette Senerchia, whose husband Anthony had ALS.

The Senerchias passed the idea to Pat Quinn of Yonkers, New York, who has been credited as a co-founder of the challenge. Quinn pushed it out to his friends, including Pete Frates, another man living with ALS.

From there it spread through feeds across the country. Between July 29 and August 21, 2014, the ALS Association received $41.8 million from more than 739,000 new donors, and it passed $100 million by the end of August. The association says the challenge inspired more than 17 million people to take part and raised $115 million for the association.

Where Some of It Went

A small slice of that money went to Project MinE, an international effort to sequence the genomes of thousands of people with ALS. The ALS Association contributed $1 million to the project.

The association also published how it planned to spend the full amount. A July 2015 accounting of the roughly $115 million showed $77 million (about 67 percent) for research, $23 million for patient and community services, $10 million for public and professional education, $3 million for fundraising and $2 million for external processing fees.

Project MinE was only one of many projects the money reached, and the ice bucket donations were one source of its funding among others, which is why the story below says the challenge helped pay for it.

The Gene

On July 25, 2016, the journal Nature Genetics published the project's first results. Led by John Landers of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and Jan Veldink of University Medical Center Utrecht, the team ran whole-exome analyses on 1,022 people with familial ALS and 7,315 controls. It was described as the largest study of inherited ALS, with more than 80 researchers from 11 countries, according to UMass Medical School.

They found that variants in a gene called NEK1 raise the risk of ALS. In total the authors observed NEK1 risk variants in nearly 3 percent of ALS cases, which the press reported as about 3 percent in North America and Europe.

What It Did and Did Not Do

Scientists were careful about the claim. NEK1 is not a cure. A second Project MinE paper the same week named another gene, C21orf2.

What a new gene gives researchers is another target. NEK1 is tied to how cells build cilia, repair DNA and keep their internal scaffolding stable, and the finding could support targeted drug development.

A person in a backyard tipping a bucket of ice water over their own head during the 2014 ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, ice cubes and water flying — A participant takes the challenge in August 2014.

The challenge itself has come back. In July 2026, former NFL running back Chris Johnson, who announced his own ALS diagnosis, revived the challenge with an Instagram post two days later, asking others to join in, the Associated Press reported.

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