July 4 in History

Significant events that happened on this day.

Today

Historical Events

2012

Scientists at CERN announced the discovery of the Higgs boson particle, solving a 48-year mystery in physics

Major

The particle, nicknamed the "God particle," was detected using the Large Hadron Collider after analyzing trillions of particle collisions. Peter Higgs...

1997

NASA's Pathfinder spacecraft landed on Mars and deployed Sojourner, the first wheeled rover to explore another planet

Major

The landing occurred at 10:07 AM Pacific time in Mars' Ares Vallis region. Sojourner, a microwave-oven-sized rover, operated for 83 days instead of th...

1987

The first episode of "The Simpsons" aired as a short on "The Tracey Ullman Show"

The crudely animated shorts, created by Matt Groening, featured a yellow family that would eventually become the longest-running American sitcom. The...

1976

Israeli commandos successfully rescued 102 hostages from Entebbe Airport in Uganda in a daring midnight raid

Major

The rescue operation flew 2,500 miles to Uganda after hijackers diverted an Air France flight and separated Jewish passengers. The entire raid took 90...

1946

The Philippines gained full independence from the United States after 48 years of American rule

The U.S. had acquired the Philippines from Spain in 1898 for $20 million following the Spanish-American War. The date was deliberately chosen to coinc...

1934

Leo Szilard patented the idea of a nuclear chain reaction while crossing a street in London

The Hungarian physicist conceived the concept of using neutrons to create a self-sustaining nuclear reaction while waiting at a traffic light near Rus...

1910

African American boxer Jack Johnson defeated Jim Jeffries in the "Fight of the Century," sparking race riots across America

Jeffries, the "Great White Hope," came out of retirement specifically to fight Johnson, the first Black heavyweight champion. Johnson's dominant victo...

1903

President Theodore Roosevelt sent a telegraph message around the world that returned to him 12 minutes later

The message, which simply stated "A happy Independence Day to all," traveled through 14 relay stations across the Pacific before circling back to the...

1865

Lewis Carroll published "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" in London

The fantastical tale of a girl falling down a rabbit hole was originally titled "Alice's Adventures Under Ground" and told to amuse Alice Liddell, the...

1845

Henry David Thoreau moved into his self-built cabin at Walden Pond to begin his famous two-year experiment in simple living

The 27-year-old writer and philosopher constructed a small house on land owned by Ralph Waldo Emerson for a total cost of $28.12. His observations and...

1828

Construction began on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, America's first passenger and freight railroad

Charles Carroll, the last living signer of the Declaration of Independence, laid the ceremonial first stone at age 90. He declared it the second-most...

1802

The United States Military Academy at West Point officially opened with a class of just 10 cadets

Founded by an Act of Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson, West Point became America's first engineering school. The first class had no e...

1776

The Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, formally establishing the United States of America

Major

Delegates from the thirteen American colonies voted to approve Thomas Jefferson's draft declaration in Philadelphia. The document, which announced the...

1054

Chinese astronomers recorded the supernova explosion that created the Crab Nebula, one of the brightest astronomical events in recorded history

Major

The stellar explosion was so bright it was visible during daytime for 23 days and remained visible at night for almost two years. This "guest star" as...

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