South America Facts

José Prudencio Padilla had 22 ships against Spain's 32 at Lake Maracaibo - and one secret weapon. The Catatumbo lightning strikes the same Venezuelan sky up to 28 times a minute, lighting up the Spanish fleet in the dark. Padilla's ambush secured Venezuela's independence in a single afternoon in 1823. This same storm still fires 260 nights a year - the most concentrated lightning on Earth.

Pablo Escobar smuggled 4 hippos into Colombia for his private zoo in the 1980s. When he was shot dead in 1993, the animals were abandoned at his estate. They bred freely in the Magdalena River, with no natural predators to slow them. Colombia now has an estimated 170 to 215 feral hippos - the largest population outside Africa - and is spending $10,000 per animal to surgically sterilize them.

Bolivia's Salar de Uyuni is the world's largest mirror. Once a year, seasonal rain covers 10,582 square kilometres of salt so flat the horizon vanishes. You appear to walk on the sky. The surface varies less than a metre in elevation across the entire expanse. Space agencies calibrate their altimeters here - five times better than open ocean.