Archaeology Facts

The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is over 9000 years old!

The first semi-permanent settlements appeared in Florida around 5000 B.C.

In 2009, archaeologists in Modena, Italy discovered two skeletons buried holding hands for 1,500 years. Originally assumed to be a romantic couple, a 2019 DNA study revealed both individuals were male—making it the first known burial of two men holding hands from antiquity.

Pollen never deteriorates. It is one of the few natural substances that lasts indefinitely.

Jericho is the oldest walled city in the world at 9,000 yrs old!

The oldest stone tools found are dated from 2.7 - 2.9 million years ago. The species that made these tools is unknown.

Scientists are excavating the ruins of a major civilization which pre-dates both the pyramids and Stonehenge by over 7,000 years. In 15 years, they have uncovered only about 5% of the site.

Honey never spoils. Archaeologists have found 3,000-year-old honey in Egyptian tombs that was still perfectly edible.

A retired gardener borrowed a metal detector in 1992 to find a lost hammer in a Suffolk field. Instead, he uncovered 14,865 Roman coins and 200 pieces of ancient jewelry - the largest late Roman treasure hoard ever found in Britain, valued at £1.75 million. They found the hammer too. It's in the British Museum.

Amelia Earhart's plane may have been hiding in plain sight for 89 years. A researcher spotted a strange shape in a Pacific lagoon in 2020. The same shape turns up in aerial photos from 1938, just months after Earhart disappeared. Researchers say its size and outline match the tail and wing of her plane. A Purdue-backed team sets sail July 28 to investigate.

In 2012, archaeologists dug up a parking lot in Leicester and found the skeleton of King Richard III - lost for 527 years. An amateur historian convinced a university to dig on a hunch. They found him in the first trench, six hours into a two-week dig. The parking space above his grave was marked with the letter R.

In April 2024, archaeologists in Pompeii uncovered a 15-metre banqueting hall with jet-black walls and vivid frescoes of Helen of Troy meeting Paris - sealed under volcanic ash since 79 CE. Nearly 2,000 years in the dark, and the dinner party was still on.

Shackleton's ship Endurance was found in 2022, 3,000 meters down on the Antarctic seafloor - lost since 1915. The name still stood out across the stern. The freezing water had kept the wooden hull almost perfectly preserved for 107 years. Shackleton lost the ship in the ice - but all 28 men survived a 22-month ordeal and made it home.

In 2019, scientists extracted a complete human genome from a 5,700-year-old wad of chewed birch pitch found at Syltholm, Denmark. It belonged to a young woman with dark skin, dark hair, and blue eyes. They even recovered DNA from her last meal: duck and hazelnuts.

The Colosseum has a hidden underground corridor that Roman emperors used to enter the arena unseen and avoid assassination. Called the Passage of Commodus, it sat sealed beneath Rome for nearly 2,000 years. On October 27, 2025, it opened to the public for the first time after a year-long restoration. Part of the tunnel still leads toward an unknown destination.

In 1901, sponge divers exploring a 2,000-year-old shipwreck off Greece hauled up a corroded lump of bronze. Decades of scanning revealed what it was: a mechanical computer of around 30 interlocking gears that tracked the Sun, Moon and planets and predicted eclipses. Nothing this complex appears again for more than a thousand years.

The Great Pyramids of Giza were once covered in polished white limestone blocks so smooth that a knife blade could not fit between them. In sunlight they blazed like mirrors across the desert. In 1303, an earthquake loosened the casing. A sultan stripped the stones to build mosques in Cairo - and the rough stepped core we see today is what was left behind.

Abu Simbel's colossal temples were carved by Ramesses II 3,200 years ago. When Egypt's Aswan Dam threatened to flood them, Egypt and 48 nations raised $40 million. Engineers sliced the temples into 1,000+ blocks - some weighing 30 tons - then rebuilt everything 65 meters higher. The solar alignment still works.

The iconic Treasury at Petra - the Indiana Jones temple from The Last Crusade - has a real hidden chamber. Archaeologists found it directly beneath the ancient rose-red facade in 2024. Inside: a sealed 2000-year-old tomb with 12 skeletons. One was clutching a ceramic vessel. It looked so much like the Holy Grail that the excavation team froze. It was the top of a broken jug.

Thutmose II's lost tomb was found near Luxor in 2025. It was the first king's tomb found in the Theban hills since King Tutankhamun's - over 100 years earlier. Ancient floods damaged it and priests removed most of its contents. But fragments of the blue ceiling with its yellow stars survived 3,500 years. Those stars are only found in kings' tombs.

Stonehenge's central slab is the Altar Stone - a 6-tonne sandstone block. Scientists believed for a century it came from Wales. A study in Nature matched its mineral fingerprint to northeast Scotland, over 750 km away. That is the longest recorded stone haul of the Neolithic era. How Neolithic people moved it there remains unsolved - possibly by sea.

Machu Picchu has been called the wrong name for over 100 years. A 2022 study found the Incas most likely called it "Huayna Picchu." The name "Machu Picchu" belongs to a different mountain nearby. Explorer Hiram Bingham attached the wrong label in 1911. The world knows it wrong - and it will stay that way.

The Nazca Lines in Peru are one of the world's great ancient mysteries. Researchers spent nearly a century mapping 430 carved figures in the desert. Yamagata University asked IBM to build an AI trained on aerial imagery. In just six months, AI found 303 new figures - nearly doubling what a century of fieldwork found.

King Tut's complete tomb collection is on display all together for the first time. Howard Carter found all 5,398 pieces in 1922. For a century, most sat in storage - Cairo's old museum showed only about a third. Egypt's Grand Egyptian Museum, beside the Giza pyramids, opened in November 2025 with all of it under one roof. A century after being found, it's all together at last.