Ancient History Facts

The Hymn to Ninkasi, a 3,900-year-old Sumerian poem, contains the oldest known beer recipe in history.

When the ancient Egyptians defeated Libya around 1208 BC, Pharaoh Merneptah's soldiers collected 6,359 penises from slain Libyan warriors as battle trophies, meticulously recorded on the Great Karnak Inscription.

The Ramses brand condom is named after the great pharaoh Ramses II who fathered over 160 children.

The worlds oldest piece of chewing gum is over 9000 years old!

Jericho is the oldest walled city in the world at 9,000 yrs old!

Around 300 ft uphill from the highest water level reached by the 2011 Tōhoku tsunami sits a centuries-old stone marker that warns: “Do not build your homes below this point!”

The oldest stone tools found are dated from 2.7 - 2.9 million years ago. The species that made these tools is unknown.

Honey never spoils. Archaeologists have found 3,000-year-old honey in Egyptian tombs that was still perfectly edible.

In April 2024, archaeologists in Pompeii uncovered a 15-metre banqueting hall with jet-black walls and vivid frescoes of Helen of Troy meeting Paris - sealed under volcanic ash since 79 CE. Nearly 2,000 years in the dark, and the dinner party was still on.

The Nazca Lines in Peru are one of the world's great ancient mysteries. Researchers spent nearly a century mapping 430 carved figures in the desert. Yamagata University asked IBM to build an AI trained on aerial imagery. In just six months, AI found 303 new figures - nearly doubling what a century of fieldwork found.

For centuries, the Gordian Knot defeated every scholar and king who tried to untie it. An oracle declared whoever solved it would rule all of Asia. Alexander the Great studied it for a moment — then drew his sword and cut straight through it.

The Library of Alexandria held up to 700,000 scrolls. To fill it, guards searched every ship in the harbor, seized any books on board, and kept the originals. It wasn't destroyed in one fire - it died over 500 years. Less than 1% of ancient Greek writing survives. Sophocles wrote 120 plays. Only 7 made it.

Hikers called the cops when they found a body melting out of an Alpine glacier in 1991. Police treated it as a routine mountain casualty. Carbon dating later revealed the man had been dead for 5,300 years. A decade later, X-rays found an arrowhead in his shoulder - he had bled to death in minutes.

The Colosseum has a hidden underground corridor that Roman emperors used to enter the arena unseen and avoid assassination. Called the Passage of Commodus, it sat sealed beneath Rome for nearly 2,000 years. On October 27, 2025, it opened to the public for the first time after a year-long restoration. Part of the tunnel still leads toward an unknown destination.

Cleopatra lived closer in time to the 1969 Moon landing than to the building of the Great Pyramid (around 2560 BC). The pyramids were already about 2,500 years old in her lifetime.

The Pantheon has stood in Rome for nearly 2,000 years, its concrete dome outlasting every modern equivalent. For centuries, engineers blamed the white chunks in Roman concrete on sloppy mixing. In 2023, MIT found the opposite: those "lime clasts" are the secret. When a crack forms and water seeps in, they react and recrystallize to seal it - the concrete heals its own cracks, 2,000 years before we understood the chemistry.

The Great Pyramids of Giza were once covered in polished white limestone blocks so smooth that a knife blade could not fit between them. In sunlight they blazed like mirrors across the desert. In 1303, an earthquake loosened the casing. A sultan stripped the stones to build mosques in Cairo - and the rough stepped core we see today is what was left behind.